The Van Allen belts are not an impassable "death ray" lol. Even the ISS regularly ventures into the inner belt without any problems.
The belts are a doughnut shaped ring around the earth (meaning there are thinner 'holes' at the north and south poles). So long as you pass through these holes quickly then you are ok. For example, Apollo spent only about 15 minutes traversing the inner belt and less than two hours crossing the more expansive outer belt. See https://www.google.com/search?q=how+apo ... GA&csuir=1
Here's a useful link that debunks pretty much all the conspiracy theories about the moon landings https://www.iop.org/explore-physics/moo ... o-the-moon


